Honouring Our Treaties

About Treaty No. 9

The James Bay Treaty – (Treaty No. 9) is an agreement between Ojibway (Anishinaabe), Cree (including the Omushkegowuk) and other Indigenous Nations (Algonquin) and the Crown (represented by two commissioners appointed by Canada and one commissioner appointed by Ontario). The treaty, first entered into in 1905-1906, covers the James Bay and Hudson Bay watersheds in Ontario, about two-thirds of the province’s total landmass. The treaty embodies the nation-to-nation relationship between First Nations and the Crown.